Unit 6 Civility and Good Manners: Keys to the exercises??

?Words in Action ?

2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where?necessary.

1) The car crash wasn’t an accident; it was a(n)?deliberate?attempt to kill him!

2) She became cautious when she was led into a(n)?deserted?side street.

3) The government would be unwise to?ignore?the growing dissatisfaction with its economic policies.

4) She?adjusted?her mirror and then edged the car out of its parking bay.

5) After years of?neglect?, the museum is open to the public again.

6) When marchers gathered on a third day of protest,?violence?broke out and buildings were burned.

7) Due to the depression, our share of the market has?decreased?sharply this year.

8) He has a very good memory and can still remember every?incident?that happened 20 years ago in great detail.

9) Don’t ask me; follow your?instincts?and do what you think is right.

10) One?swing?of the axe is enough to fell(砍倒)?the tree.

11) She refused to confront the?inescapable?fact that she would have to sell the house.

12) I was too sleepy to be?aware?how cold it was.

3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.

1) The incident seems to show the company?in a bad light?.

2) Could we take a walk? I?feel like?having a little exercise.

3)?Cooped up?in a small dark cell, the prisoner hasn’t seen daylight for five years.

4) We’d better get rid of these boxes of yours — they?are taking up / take up?too much space.

5) The village is far away from the town,?tucked away?behind the hills.

6) He is a nice person. I’ve never seen him get annoyed or?lose his temper?.

7) Being afraid that he was going to tell the newspapers, the company offered him ?,1000 to?shut?him?up?.

8) They lay?side by side?on the grass, not talking, just looking into thesky and enjoying the gentle spring breeze.

9) Our application was rejected, but the council didn’t?give a good reason for?its decision.

10) It is reported that youth crime has been?on the rise?in recent years.

11) Mankind must?put an end to?war or war will?put an end to?mankind.

12) Summers in the south of France are?for the most part?dry and sunny.

?

Increasing Your Word Power

1 Many words in English can be used both as nouns and as verbs. Use either thenoun form or the verb form of the words given in the box below to complete allthe sentences. Change the form where necessary.

1) I have nothing but?scorn?for people who are cruel to animals.

2) We all breathed a?sigh?of relief when we heard they were safe.

3) I?respect?his views, although I do not agree with them.

4) The park was overgrown and littered from years of?neglect?.

5) Qualified staff are leaving and standards are?declining?.

6) Several leading officers have quite openly?scorned?the peace talks.

7) Feed plants and they grow,?neglect?them and they suffer.

8) The first signs of economic?decline?didn’t become visible until acouple of months later.

9) One?swing?of the hammer was all it took to drive the nail throughthe board.

10) Investment levels have fallen, while the number of business failureshas risen?.

11) Many of us are not happy with the recent sharp?rise?in gas price.

12) We’ve had a?decrease?in the number of students enrolling in theschool.

13) His voice was warm with friendship and?respect?.

14) I lay on my back, listening to the sound of the wind?sighing?in thetrees.

15) By exercising often, you can?decrease?your chance of developingheart disease.

16) She sat on the edge of the table,?swinging?her legs.

2 Complete the following sentences with “behaviour”, “manners”, or both. Changethe form where necessary.

1) It’s not good?manners?to stare at people.

2) Her lack of?manners?is quite appalling.

3) He had his jail term cut for good?behaviour.

4) Didn’t your parents teach you any?manners?

5) I’m sorry, I was forgetting my?manners. Can I offer you a drink?

6) Animals in zoos often display disturbed?behaviour.

7) Parents can influence the?behaviour / manners?of their children.

8) He attacked the food as quickly as decent table?manners?allowed.

9) He could at least have had the?manners?to answer my letter.

10) The headmaster does not tolerate bad?behaviour / manners.

All the words in the following table can form acceptable collocations with thetarget words in italics. Cross out the word that is not similar in meaning fromthe rest in every group.

1) proper 2) due 3) utmost?4) grudgingrespect

1) apologetic 2) sheepish 3) rueful?4) reassuringsmile

1) colloquial2) offensive 3) strong 4) crude?language

1) insolent2) soothing 3) cheerful 4) fruity?voice

1) lax 2) carefree 3) casual?4) ambivalent?attitudes

1) obscene 2) rude?3) theatrical?4) defiant?gesture

4 Did you notice the suffixes -ful, -less in words that you have come across fromUnits 1–6, such as harmful, dreadful, joyless, restless? Both suffixes can beadded to nouns or verbs to form adjectives. When added to nouns, -ful canmean “full of” or “having the quality of”, such as careful; while -less can mean“without” or “not having the quality of”, such as careless. In this case, -ful canbe understood as the opposite of -less. But when added to verbs, -ful can mean“apt to, able to; accustomed to”, such as forgetful, while -less can mean “cannotbe -ed”, such as countless.

Now complete the following table by adding -ful and -less to the words. Somewords can be combined with only one of the prefixes. Consult a dictionary ifnecessary.

Nouns / Verbs Adjectives with?-fulAdjectives with?-less

count—— countless

doubtdoubtful doubtless

eventeventful eventless

forgetforgetful ——

fruitfruitful fruitless

hopehopeful hopeless

mercymerciful merciless

peacepeaceful peaceless

powerpowerful powerless

thoughtthoughtful thoughtless

Translate the following into English, using the words you have thus formed.

1)?一個輕率的決定a thoughtless decision

2)?一位多產(chǎn)的作家a fruitful writer

3)?一位仁慈的老人a merciful old man

4)?一個強(qiáng)大的國家a powerful nation

5)?一個和平的解決方案a peaceful solution

6)?一次令人愉快的聚會a delightful party

7)?一個健忘的人a forgetful man

8)?一個多事的年代an eventful age

9)?一個充滿希望的未來a hopeful future

10)?一次毫無結(jié)果的調(diào)查a fruitless investigation

?

Grammar in Context

Study the following sentences that appear in this unit, paying special attention tothe WITH phrase. Reflect on the grammatical function of the WITH phrase in eachsentence and then do the following two tasks.

1) The other boy suddenly stood up and?with a quick, deliberate swing of hischubby arm?threw a spadeful of sand at Larry. (Para. 1, Text A)

Adverbial of manner

2) He stood?with his legs spread apart,?rocking a little, looking at Morton?withutter scorn. (Para. 16, Text A)

Adverbial of accompanying circumstances; adverbial of manner

3) He walked awkwardly, almost limping?with self-consciousness, to thesandbox. (Para. 17, Text A)

Adverbial of cause

4)?With all the dignity she could summon, she pulled Larry’s sandy, perspiringlittle hand, while Morton pulled the other. (Para. 18, Text A)

Adverbial of accompanying circumstances

5) Slowly and?with head high?she walked with her husband and the child out ofthe playground. (Para. 18, Text A)

Adverbial of manner

Task 1: Combine each pair of sentences into one containing a phrase introducedby WITH.

1) a. She was holding the baby.

b. She was very careful with the baby.

She was holding the baby with great care.

2) a. His chin was cupped in his hands.

b. He looked at his mother sitting opposite him.

With (his) chin cupped in (his) hands, he looked at his mother sitting opposite him.

3) a. A truck screamed down the pathway.

b. Its headlights were flashing and its horn was blaring.

A truck screamed down the pathway, with (its) headlights flashing and (its) hornblaring.

4) a. The teacher entered the classroom.

b. There was a cup in his hand and a textbook under his arm.

The teacher entered the classroom, with (a / his) cup in (his) hand and (a / his)textbook under (his) arm.

5) a. The children stepped into the museum.

b. Their eyes were wide open out of curiosity.

The children stepped into the museum, with their eyes wide open out of curiosity.

Task 2: Translate the following into English, using WITH phrase where possible.

1)?她喜歡閉著眼睛聽音樂。

She likes listening to music with (her) eyes closed.

2)?他向我揮手告別，眼里噙滿淚水。

He waved me goodbye, with eyes filled with tears.

3)?游客在導(dǎo)游的帶領(lǐng)下向海邊走去。

With the guide leading the way, the tourists walked towards the seaside.

4)?第一輪談判結(jié)束，雙方未能達(dá)成任何協(xié)議。

The first round of negotiations ended, with no agreements reached between thetwo sides.

5)?說話的時候嘴里塞滿食物是一種不好的餐桌禮儀。

It is bad table manners to talk with (the / one’s) mouth full of food.

Cloze

Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letterof each is given.

In recent years, there seems to be a rise in disrespectful behaviour displayedespecially by the younger generation. Peace and harmony will be instantlydisrupted the moment an individual is seen as discourteous in particulartowards the older generation. Due to this, parents, teachers, community leadersconstantly talk about respect to their children, students and residents. Thereare indeed many ways or alternatives?(1) to inculcate respect. This passage willdiscuss three significant ones.

First of all, a conducive learning environment is crucial in inculcating the valueof respect to children especially in our current?(2) society where etiquette andrespect appear to be in decline?(3). Adults are good role models for children intheir growing years. For example, if parents treat their elderly in a very rude?(4)manner, there is a great likelihood that the children too will be disrespectful?(5) totheir grandparents or they may ignore?(6) their grandparents. And the reversecan be true too.

Second, being respectful is about being sincere in our actions and gestures?(7).That means not only should we practice them in our everyday lives, but weshould also do so with conviction instead of out of sheer?(8) obligation. AlbertEinstein once said “I speak to everyone in the same way, whether he is thegarbage man or the president of the university.” If we can be true and sincere tothe people we interact with, we will have treated them courteously?(9).

Third, the media?(10) plays a crucial role in spreading?(11) the message ofrespect. There seems to be a trend?(12) in television where some sections?(13)of programmes treat impoliteness or lax?(14) attitudes about manners in a lightheartedway. If this is not addressed, the situation may get worse.

In summary, respect is one important aspect of civility that we must embraceand practice so that we may remain humane. In addition, we should notcontinue to be ignorant?(15) but take appropriate actions to stop this slide inmoral values.

Translation

Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given inbrackets.

1)?沒有別的選擇，你所能做的就是調(diào)整自身適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。(alternative,

adjust)

There’s no other alternative, all you can do is to adjust yourself to the newenvironment.

2)?對絕大多數(shù)人而言，財富和名望對建立幸福感沒多大促進(jìn)作用。

(contribute to, a sense of well-being)

For most people, wealth and fame does / do not contribute much to creatinga sense of well-being.

3)?房子已經(jīng)很長一段時間沒有人住，家具上都有了一層厚厚的灰塵。

(deserted, a layer of)

The house has been deserted for a long time and there is a thick layer of duston the furniture.

4)?老師認(rèn)為那男孩的行為并不是故意的，所以決定予以忽視，并給了他另一

次機(jī)會。(deliberate, ignore)

The teacher did not think the boy’s act was deliberate, so he chose to ignore itand gave him another chance.

5)?正是那件事讓我對他的看法徹底改變了。(incident，in a … light)

It was that incident that made me see him in a completely different light.

6)?報告指出火災(zāi)是由于他的玩忽職守造成的。(due to, neglect)

The report points out that the fire was due to his neglect of duty.

7)?在公眾場合吐痰是不禮貌的。我要你停止這種行為。(spit, put a stop to)

It is rude to spit in public. I want you to put a stop to such bad behavior.

8)?從根本上說，他的學(xué)習(xí)能力沒有一點問題。問題的根源是他對語言學(xué)習(xí)沒

有興趣。(basically, be at the root of)

Basically, there is nothing wrong with his learning ability. What is at the rootof the problem is his lack of interest in language learning.

?