第三單元
安全問(wèn)題
課文A
????許多年前,在美國(guó),家家戶(hù)戶(hù)白天黑夜不鎖門(mén)是司空見(jiàn)慣的。在本文中,格林嘆惜人們不再相互信任,不得不憑借精密的安全設(shè)備來(lái)保護(hù)自己和財(cái)產(chǎn)。
鎖之國(guó)
鮑勃·格林
????小時(shí)候在家里,我們的前門(mén)總是夜不落鎖。我不知道這是當(dāng)?shù)氐囊环N說(shuō)法還是大家都這么說(shuō)的;“不落鎖”的意思是掩上門(mén),但不鎖住。我們誰(shuí)都不帶鑰匙;晚上最后一個(gè)回家的人把門(mén)關(guān)上,這就行了。
????那樣的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。在鄉(xiāng)下,在城里,·門(mén)不再關(guān)著不鎖上,哪怕是傍晚一段時(shí)間也不例外。
????在許多方面,郊區(qū)和農(nóng)村甚至比巡查嚴(yán)密的城市街道更易受到攻擊。統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,那些據(jù)稱(chēng)是安寧的地區(qū)的犯罪率上升得比城鎮(zhèn)更為顯著。不管怎么說(shuō),前門(mén)虛掩不落鎖的時(shí)代是一去不復(fù)返了。
????取而代之的是防盜鎖、防護(hù)鏈、電子報(bào)警系統(tǒng),以及連接警署或私人保安公司的報(bào)警裝置。郊區(qū)的許多人家在露臺(tái)上安裝了玻璃滑門(mén),內(nèi)側(cè)有裝得很講究的鋼條,這樣就沒(méi)人能把門(mén)撬開(kāi)。
????在最溫馨的居家,也常??吹玫酱吧腺N著小小的告示,稱(chēng)本宅由某家安全保衛(wèi)機(jī)構(gòu)或某個(gè)保安公司負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管。
????鎖成了美國(guó)的新的象征。的確如此,一家大保險(xiǎn)公司最近的一則公益廣告沒(méi)有用圖表表明我們所處的危險(xiǎn)有多大,而是用了一幅童車(chē)的圖片,車(chē)身上懸著如今隨處可見(jiàn)的掛鎖。
????廣告指出,沒(méi)錯(cuò),確是保險(xiǎn)公司理賠失竊物品,但誰(shuí)來(lái)賠償互不信任、擔(dān)心害怕這種新氛圍對(duì)我們的生活方式所造成的影響呢?誰(shuí)來(lái)對(duì)美國(guó)從自由之國(guó)到鎖之國(guó)這一蛻變作出精神賠償呢?
????因?yàn)槟蔷褪乾F(xiàn)狀。我們已經(jīng)變得如此習(xí)慣于保護(hù)自己不受美國(guó)生活新氛圍的影響,如此習(xí)慣于設(shè)置障礙,以致無(wú)暇考慮這一切意味著什么。
????出于某種原因,當(dāng)我們覺(jué)得防范周密時(shí)才安心;我們沒(méi)有想到問(wèn)問(wèn)自己:為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況?為什么非得把自己與鄰居和同住一城的居民隔絕開(kāi)來(lái),這一切究竟是從什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始主宰我們生活的?
????這一切確實(shí)主宰了我們的生活。如果你在一家大中型公司上班,你上下班很可能不好隨意進(jìn)出。你可能隨身帶著某種出入卡,電子的或別的什么的,因?yàn)檫@卡能讓你進(jìn)出工作場(chǎng)所。也許前臺(tái)的保安認(rèn)識(shí)你這張臉,平日一揮手讓你進(jìn)去,但事實(shí)明擺著,你所任職的公司深感面臨威脅,因此要借助這些“鑰匙”不讓外人靠近。
????這種現(xiàn)象并非向來(lái)有之。即使在十年前,大多數(shù)私營(yíng)公司仍采取自由出入的做法。那時(shí)管理人員根本沒(méi)想到過(guò)恰當(dāng)?shù)氖侄问遣恍湃嗡恕?/span>
????且看各地機(jī)場(chǎng)。過(guò)去家長(zhǎng)常常帶孩子去登機(jī)口看飛機(jī)起飛降落。這種事再也沒(méi)有了。機(jī)場(chǎng)不再是一個(gè)有趣的學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)所;它們成了擁有最精密的安全檢查系統(tǒng)的場(chǎng)所。
????憑借著電子透視裝置,我們似乎終于想出妙計(jì)讓恐怖分子無(wú)法近身,無(wú)論是真的恐怖分子還是憑空臆想的。能解決這一問(wèn)題真是如釋重負(fù),于是我們就不去多想這種狀況對(duì)我們的生活質(zhì)量意味著什么。如今我們走過(guò)這些電子搜查器時(shí)已經(jīng)看都不看一眼了;這些裝置,還有它們所代表的一切已經(jīng)獲勝。
????我們的居住區(qū)處在強(qiáng)光源的照射之下;我們連哪怕像陰影這樣小小的享受也不想給自己。
????越來(lái)越多的商人正購(gòu)置連接在電話(huà)機(jī)上、能剖析來(lái)電者聲音的新機(jī)器。據(jù)說(shuō)那種機(jī)器能讓商人知道他的朋友或客戶(hù)是否在撒謊,其出錯(cuò)概率很小。
????所有這一切都是以“安全”的名義實(shí)施的:我們是這么跟自己說(shuō)的。我們害怕,于是我們?cè)O(shè)法把害怕鎖在外面,我們認(rèn)定,那就是安全的意義。
????其實(shí)不然;我們雖然有了這一切安全措施,但我們或許是人類(lèi)文明史上最不安全的國(guó)民。還有什么更好的字眼能用來(lái)描述我們被迫選擇的生活方式呢?還有什么更為可悲地表明我們?cè)谶@個(gè)令人困惑的新時(shí)代所感受到的惶恐之情呢?
????我們不信任何人。郊區(qū)的家庭主婦在家庭旅行用車(chē)鑰匙鏈上掛著防強(qiáng)暴口哨,我們?cè)谧晕曳佬l(wèi)方面變得如此聰明,最終全都聰明反被聰明誤。我們或許是把邪惡鎖在了門(mén)外;但在這么做的同時(shí)我們把自己鎖在里邊了。??
????那也許是我們將來(lái)回顧這一時(shí)代時(shí)記得最牢的精神遺產(chǎn):在對(duì)付我們中間無(wú)形的恐懼之時(shí),我們成了自己的囚徒。在我們這個(gè)問(wèn)題重重的時(shí)代,所有的人都是囚徒。??
第三單元
安全問(wèn)題
課文B
????在美國(guó),許多人擁有手槍。有人為了自衛(wèi)買(mǎi)槍?zhuān)?,如蓋爾·巴卡爾特。另外一些人則拒絕這么做,比如她的許多朋友,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為,槍支引發(fā)的問(wèn)題比解決的更多。以前蓋爾與她的朋友們持有相同的觀點(diǎn),但后來(lái)她改變了看法。讀一讀她所要說(shuō)的,并判定她的選擇是否明智。???
我為什么買(mǎi)槍
蓋爾·巴卡爾特
????我在曼哈頓一個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的社區(qū)長(zhǎng)大。我的中上層階級(jí)的社會(huì)背景從來(lái)與槍支無(wú)涉。我的父母要是覺(jué)得有威脅存在,他們就在門(mén)上再加把鎖。
????讀高中時(shí),我用一件開(kāi)司米羊毛衫跟人換了個(gè)黑色的臂章。我參加人權(quán)游行,逃避民防演習(xí),抗議越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。做個(gè)妙齡十八的少女,當(dāng)名反戰(zhàn)分子,真是輕松愉快。那時(shí)我還沒(méi)有一個(gè)11歲的孩子要撫養(yǎng)。
?? (1)時(shí)至今日,我成了一個(gè)典型的被槍支制造商看中并視為其潛在買(mǎi)主的那位女人——成了成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)采取這種行動(dòng)的人中一員。
?一個(gè)萬(wàn)圣節(jié)的晚上,在我婚后移居的鳳凰城,我開(kāi)始懷疑自己的和平主義信條。一輛車(chē)與我的車(chē)差點(diǎn)迎頭相撞時(shí),我?guī)缀醵嫉郊伊?。我以紐約城出租車(chē)司機(jī)的敏捷快速搖下車(chē)窗,高聲咒罵那個(gè)開(kāi)車(chē)的。他當(dāng)即掉轉(zhuǎn)車(chē)頭,幾乎撞上我的車(chē)后保險(xiǎn)杠。這時(shí),他和兩個(gè)同伴從車(chē)窗伸出頭來(lái),嚷嚷著要強(qiáng)奸我,砍我,殺了我。
????我開(kāi)進(jìn)了車(chē)道才想起丈夫不在家。這下我進(jìn)退兩難。那輛車(chē)尾隨著跟了進(jìn)來(lái)。我把車(chē)開(kāi)到后門(mén)廊停下,沖進(jìn)廚房,我家的那兩條狗站在那兒等我。那三條漢子從汽車(chē)?yán)镆粨矶?,進(jìn)了院子。
????我的心怦怦直跳。我抓起杰克和斯露西的頸圈,一條是200磅重的愛(ài)爾蘭狼狗,另一條是它的伙伴,140磅重的北極犬。隨后我一腳踢開(kāi)后門(mén)——我嚇壞了,變得暴躁好斗——我真的問(wèn)那三個(gè)混蛋有沒(méi)有種繼續(xù)走過(guò)來(lái)。有狗相助,局勢(shì)變得對(duì)我有利了,那三條漢子奔回可保安全的汽車(chē)?yán)?,嚷嚷著說(shuō)明天來(lái)崩了我??偹阈疫\(yùn),他們沒(méi)再露面。
????幾年后,我離了婚,帶著3歲的兒子喬丹前往洛杉磯(那兩條狗也死了)。幾個(gè)星期后我送他去幼兒園,老師發(fā)現(xiàn)我是個(gè)單身母親,馬上提醒我,我剛搬入的居住區(qū)里有個(gè)強(qiáng)奸犯。
????我給警察局打了個(gè)電話(huà),他們證實(shí)了這一情況。那個(gè)強(qiáng)奸犯沒(méi)有什么特別的作案規(guī)律。有時(shí)他在受害者家里等候,有時(shí)他趁人入睡時(shí)潛入。當(dāng)時(shí)正是夏天,可夜間我還是謹(jǐn)慎地鎖住窗戶(hù),然后躺在床上,嚇得渾身是汗。謝天謝地,那個(gè)強(qiáng)奸犯被逮住了,可那是在他又強(qiáng)暴了兩名女子之后。
????不久,報(bào)紙上又報(bào)道起一個(gè)喪心病狂的恐怖人物的事來(lái)。此人名叫理查德·巴米里,人稱(chēng)“入室殺手”,被抓獲前,一連幾個(gè)月殘害、殺死他人。(2)據(jù)稱(chēng)他的犯罪行為非常殘忍,他加害于人的欲望非常強(qiáng)烈,這使我開(kāi)始對(duì)自己在任何情況下不殺人的信念產(chǎn)生了懷疑。取人性命的念頭令我憎恨,但想及成為他人受害者就更可怕了。我開(kāi)始問(wèn)自己,你怎么跟一個(gè)殺人犯或強(qiáng)奸犯談?wù)摵推街髁x呢????
????最后,我決定要自我防衛(wèi),哪怕這意味著殺死他人。(3)我意識(shí)到,自己曾經(jīng)積極提倡的一廂情愿的和平主義會(huì)加害自身,更糟的是,會(huì)危害我的兒子。于是我極不情愿地認(rèn)定:為了我們的生存,我必須確保又一個(gè)最佳選擇方案。我的選擇是:依靠警察,或擁有一支槍。
????我給不久前認(rèn)識(shí)的一個(gè)人打電話(huà),我記得他有好幾支槍。他告訴我,他有一支史密斯一韋森0.38口徑特種槍要出售,建議我買(mǎi)下,因?yàn)槟侵屝∏珊檬?,又有必要的威懾力?/span>
????我買(mǎi)下了槍。在同一天,我弄到了6發(fā)包著塑料頭、一撞擊就崩碎的特別的子彈。這些子彈不是打靶練習(xí)用的,是防身用的。
????花了大約50美元,我還買(mǎi)了個(gè)金屬安全盒。如果知道正確的暗碼,它的按鈕式鎖一碰就開(kāi),大概比伸手去床頭柜抽屜取它只慢一兩秒鐘。我知道兒子喬丹拿不到它,但我拿得到。
????我把槍拿回家,喬丹興奮得不得了。他不停地拿起來(lái)看,我緊張地瞧著。但我相信,知識(shí)仍是我們最有力的防范手段。由于我主張對(duì)孩子進(jìn)行性知識(shí)教育、艾滋病知識(shí)教育以及讓孩子學(xué)會(huì)開(kāi)車(chē),我不能不贊成教兒子關(guān)于槍的知識(shí)。
????隨后,我攜槍帶著兒子去射擊場(chǎng)。我給喬丹租了一支0.22口徑的手槍。(0.38口徑的手槍他擺弄不了。)10分鐘后他放下了槍?zhuān)也唤闪丝跉狻幌矚g握槍的感覺(jué)。
????但他并不因此不來(lái)問(wèn)我,如果我不在家時(shí)有人闖入+他能不能使用手槍。我大喝一聲“不行!”,喊聲響得把我們兩人都嚇得跳了起來(lái)。我解釋說(shuō),要是真有人闖入,他人小,又靈活,完全可以跳窗逃命。
????如今他對(duì)那支槍早沒(méi)了興趣。兩人在我的臥室一起看電視時(shí),我常常練習(xí)開(kāi)啟安全盒,喬丹替我計(jì)時(shí)。我已經(jīng)快到只需要3秒鐘了。我會(huì)問(wèn)他,拿槍時(shí)第一件要做的事是什么,他像看傻瓜似的看著我,說(shuō):“要看看子彈是不是沒(méi)上膛。不過(guò)我不會(huì)去碰它,也不會(huì)跟朋友們說(shuō)的?!眴痰?duì)槍已經(jīng)厭倦了。
????而我則盼著每個(gè)星期一——射擊場(chǎng)的“女士專(zhuān)場(chǎng)”——我可以免費(fèi)練習(xí)射擊。我在柜臺(tái)上買(mǎi)一盒子彈、幾個(gè)靶子,戴上護(hù)眼罩和護(hù)耳罩,穿過(guò)雙層門(mén),來(lái)到射擊區(qū)。
????到了那兒,我把子彈裝上膛,看著槍管上的瞄準(zhǔn)器調(diào)整瞄準(zhǔn)方向。我對(duì)著25英尺開(kāi)外的真人大小的靶子的胸部連發(fā)6彈。隨著一發(fā)發(fā)子彈洞穿對(duì)面畫(huà)著的圖像,我意識(shí)到,自己正在習(xí)慣擁有槍支,拿槍時(shí)不再害怕了。槍的重量握在手里已覺(jué)得挺舒服。我堅(jiān)守堅(jiān)持練習(xí)的諾言。太多的人由于不知如何使用槍而死在自己的槍下。
????我花了好多年才決定買(mǎi)槍?zhuān)只撕脦讉€(gè)星期才學(xué)會(huì)把子彈裝上膛。槍讓我惡夢(mèng)不斷。
????一天夜晚,我夢(mèng)見(jiàn)自己醒來(lái),發(fā)現(xiàn)有人闖進(jìn)屋子。我一把抓起槍?zhuān)诖材_處等著。最后我看見(jiàn)他拐過(guò)墻角朝我走來(lái)。他很高大,把過(guò)道都堵住了——根本不可能擊不中。我不想開(kāi)槍?zhuān)抑郎涝诖艘徊?/span>(4)我手指扣住扳機(jī),最后用力一扣,在親手結(jié)束了侵入者生命的同時(shí)也慶幸自己沒(méi)有成為犧牲品。就在我決定開(kāi)槍時(shí)我醒了。
????我如釋重負(fù),不由得熱淚流淌,幸虧這只是個(gè)夢(mèng)。???
????我從來(lái)沒(méi)有像在買(mǎi)槍一事上對(duì)某種行為的后果如此反復(fù)權(quán)衡——可是,我也從來(lái)沒(méi)做過(guò)后果如此嚴(yán)重的事?!业拇蠖鄶?shù)朋友甚至不肯跟我談?wù)撨@事。他們認(rèn)為,暴力只能導(dǎo)致暴力。
????他們或許是對(duì)的。??
?Unit 3 ?Security
Text A
?
Content Questions
1.????????No.
2.??????No.
3.??????It has been replaced by an era when people employ various secuirty devices at home.
4.??????Small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.
5.??????The insurance company tries to impress the public that it will ensure your safety by paying for your losses.
6.??????An atmosphere of fear and distrust.
7.??????Because they feel threatened and want to keep outsides away.
8.??????No. They are by now the most sophisticated of security sites.
9.??????It is a way to hold the terrorists, real and imagined, at bay.
10.??To tell whether their friend or client is telling lies.
11.??All is done in the name of “security”. But according to the author,
12.??We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in.
?
Text Organization
1.
?
Parts | Paragraphs | Main Ideas |
Part One | Paras 1-3 | In |
Part Two | Paras 4-15 | A new atmosphere of ? fear and distrust has crept into every aspect of daily life. As a result, ? security de vices, in varied forms, are put to use. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? |
Part Three | Paras 16-19 | By locking our fears ? out, we become prisoners of our own making. |
?
2.
1) Doors are not left unlocked either in cities or in rural areas.
2)??? Dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires are widely in use.
3)??? Suburban families have steel bars built in sliding glass doors.
4)??? Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of homes.
5)??? Access cards are required of those who work with medium to large-size companies.
6)??? Airport security uses electronic X-ray equipment to guard against terrorism.
7)??? Businessmen employ new machines linked up to their telephone to help determine whether the caller is telling lies or not.
Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains.
?
Language Sense Enhancement
I.?? 1)?? electronic?????????????? ?? 2) hooked up to
3)?? suburban??????????????? 4) built in
5)???? uncommon????? ????????????????? 6) announcing??????????????????????????
7)??? survaillance??????????????8) symbol
9)??? featured?? ?????????????? 10) attached to
?
Language Focus
Vocabulary
1.?
I.?? 1. 1) ? threathens 3) civilize 5) wandered 7) without so much as 9) hook up to 11) chart ? ? 2.?? 1) ? narrowed down 3) cut off 5) wear (the other) ? down 7) put up |
2) by a small margin
4) closed up
6) paste
8) sideways
10) universal
12) Bathed in
?
2) looked back on
4) fit into
6) lies in
8) stand for
?
3.?? 1) A certain gene?which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by
researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.
2)??? A wardrobe?with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger.
3)??? The NBC show's opening shots?feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986—killing all seven crew.
4)??? When the teacher?threatened to keep the pupils in after school they were quieted at once.
5)??? Energy difficulties?are a major barrier to the country's economic growth due to the fact that imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange / because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange.
4.??? 1) Jacob?looked back on?his summer holidays spent on the Big Island of Hawaii with its
beautiful landscape and tranquil?atmosphere?as a rare escape from the madness of?urban life.
2) Learning in the information?era?is really convenient and efficient. With your computer?hooked up to?the internet, you can easily obtain?the electronic?resources relevant to your research.
3) Detectives, who believe more than one person is behind the constant attacks in?the suburb, are using?a sophisticated?computer?system?to?analyze?specific behavior and situations. However, they are also aware that they shouldn’t rely too much on computer because it may?make errors?at times..
?
II.??Collocation
1. away???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2.? inside/in
3. forward/through????????????????????????????????????? 4.? back
5. off???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 6.? home
7. back, down???????????????????????????????????????????? 8.? in, out
?
III.? Usage
1.????????Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be.
2.??????Most men do not look unattractive in them.
3.??????Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.
4.??????This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes.
5.??????His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
?
1.
1. Statistics?????????????????? 2. rural
3. era?????????????????????? 4. stood for
5. on the latch???? ???????????????????? ????? 6. vulnerable
7. barriers ????????????????????????? ????? 8. electronic
9. reflection? ??????????????????????????? ?????? 10.civilized
?
2.
1. tougher????????? ?? 2. liable
3. shift??????? ???????????? 4. electric
5. cautious? ?????????? ?????? 6. sophisticated
7. thieves?? ?????????? ?????? 8. break
9. chances??? ???????? ?????? 10. signs
?
?II. Translation
1.
1).????? The Internet is changing the way people live, no matter whether they are in?urban?or?rural?areas.
2).??????Medium-sized and small companies are more?vulnerable?to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones.
3).????? With regard to our term papers, the professor asked us to?analyze?the?chart?of unemployment first, and then provide critical?reflections?on the nation’s economic development.
4).??????It?never?occurred to?him that their team would win the basketball match?by a large margin.
5).??????Looking back on?my twenty years’ teaching in high school, I attributed my success to patience, talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge.
2.
It is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols or those wandering around. Common sense tells us that lighting is a?barrier?to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Make sure/assure yourself that you don’t leave the door?on the latch?if you happen to be the last to come in. If you decide to buy a?sophiticated?electronic alarm?system, be sure to ask for its signs and?put them up?on both windows and doors. In addition you may have it?hooked up to?a police station.
?
Chinese Translations of Texts A&B